vacuo - translation to Αγγλικά
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vacuo - translation to Αγγλικά

SPACE THAT IS EMPTY OF MATTER
Vaccuum; Free space; Partial vacuum; Perfect vacuum; Vaccum; Vacua; Vacuum Technology; Space vacuum; Vacume; Vacuo; In vacuo; Vacuums; Vacuum of free space; Hard Vacuum; Hard vacuum; Torricellian vacuum; Classical vacuum; Physical vacuum; Vacuum technology; Evacuated space; User:Katsreference/sandbox; User:Katreference/sandbox; Vacuum (outer space); Existence of the vacuum; Vacuum (space)
  • This painting, ''[[An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump]]'' by [[Joseph Wright of Derby]], 1768, depicts an experiment performed by [[Robert Boyle]] in 1660.
  • mercury]] [[barometer]] produced one of the first sustained vacuums in a laboratory.
  • The [[Crookes tube]], used to discover and study [[cathode ray]]s, was an evolution of the [[Geissler tube]].
  • A cutaway view of a [[turbomolecular pump]], a momentum transfer pump used to achieve high vacuum
  • Light bulbs]] contain a partial vacuum, usually backfilled with [[argon]], which protects the [[tungsten]] filament
  • Deep wells have the pump chamber down in the well close to the water surface, or in the water. A "sucker rod" extends from the handle down the center of the pipe deep into the well to operate the plunger. The pump handle acts as a heavy counterweight against both the sucker rod weight and the weight of the water column standing on the upper plunger up to ground level.
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  • This shallow water well pump reduces atmospheric air pressure inside the pump chamber. Atmospheric pressure extends down into the well, and forces water up the pipe into the pump to balance the reduced pressure. Above-ground pump chambers are only effective to a depth of approximately 9 meters due to the water column weight balancing the atmospheric pressure.
  • A glass McLeod gauge, drained of mercury
  • A video of an experiment showing [[vacuum fluctuations]] (in the red ring) amplified by [[spontaneous parametric down-conversion]].

vacuo      
vacuous, empty, vacant, hollow, inane
Torricellian vacuum         
vuoto di Torricelli (il vuoto sopra la colonna di mercurio nel barometro)
free space         
Spazio libero (zona vuota su disco per la registrazione di ulteriori cartelle)

Βικιπαίδεια

Vacuum

A vacuum is a space devoid of matter. The word is derived from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply call "vacuum" or free space, and use the term partial vacuum to refer to an actual imperfect vacuum as one might have in a laboratory or in space. In engineering and applied physics on the other hand, vacuum refers to any space in which the pressure is considerably lower than atmospheric pressure. The Latin term in vacuo is used to describe an object that is surrounded by a vacuum.

The quality of a partial vacuum refers to how closely it approaches a perfect vacuum. Other things equal, lower gas pressure means higher-quality vacuum. For example, a typical vacuum cleaner produces enough suction to reduce air pressure by around 20%. But higher-quality vacuums are possible. Ultra-high vacuum chambers, common in chemistry, physics, and engineering, operate below one trillionth (10−12) of atmospheric pressure (100 nPa), and can reach around 100 particles/cm3. Outer space is an even higher-quality vacuum, with the equivalent of just a few hydrogen atoms per cubic meter on average in intergalactic space.

Vacuum has been a frequent topic of philosophical debate since ancient Greek times, but was not studied empirically until the 17th century. Evangelista Torricelli produced the first laboratory vacuum in 1643, and other experimental techniques were developed as a result of his theories of atmospheric pressure. A Torricellian vacuum is created by filling with mercury a tall glass container closed at one end, and then inverting it in a bowl to contain the mercury (see below).

Vacuum became a valuable industrial tool in the 20th century with the introduction of incandescent light bulbs and vacuum tubes, and a wide array of vacuum technologies has since become available. The development of human spaceflight has raised interest in the impact of vacuum on human health, and on life forms in general.